Global disparities in arrhythmia care: Mind the gap. Population coverage of contemporary CA and SCD registries is highly variable with registries densely concentrated in North America and Western Europe. Genetic characterization of juvenile sudden cardiac arrest and death in Tuscany: The ToRSADE registry. Currently, most UK public AEDs do not have any signage at all, with only 2.5% having accessory signage more than 5metres away to guide first responders to its location.70 Finally, more than 40% of all public UK AEDs with signage were at least partially obstructed, with more than one-third having no external lighting, making them more difficult to find in darker settings.70 Although these data do not originate from stadiums, the fact that individuals and healthcare professionals are unable to adequately identify and retrieve AEDs in public due to poor signalling is important to highlight. While screening programmes exist for these athletes and sports, many causes could go undetected and thus should not exclude having an AED on-site. Harmon KG. Harmon KG, Drezner JA, Wilson MG, Sharma S. Incidence of sudden cardiac death in athletes: a state-of-the-art review. A total of 617 players (mean age 3416 years, 96% men) with sudden death were reported from 67 countries; 142 players (23%) survived. To identify the appropriate location and quantity of AEDs, the American Heart Association recommends an AED no more than 11.5minutes away or approximately 160m from where a crisis may occur.60 The minimum number of AEDs for this desired response can be calculated using a function of estimated time needed to traverse the longest distance in an arena, slope and possible worst-case scenarios.61 In addition to this calculation, medical professionals can estimate the number of AEDs required for mass gatherings by using a separate function of stairway slope in the stadium, stadium congestion and the time required to cross a horizontal distance to calculate the required number of AEDs.62 This alternative function considers the time required for a first responder to grab the defibrillator, unpack it, and place electrodes on the patient, giving a more accurate estimate of the response time. Br J Sports Med. A diagnosis by autopsy or definite medical reports was established in 211 cases (34%). Correspondence Details:Adrian Baranchuk, Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing, Kingston General Hospital, Queens University, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada. FIFA Sudden Death Registry (FIFA-SDR): a prospective, observational study of sudden death in worldwide football from 2014 to 2018. CRD42019118910. Role of the AED in an Emergency Action Plan, One of the most important factors in administering rapid defibrillation is the development and implementation of an emergency action plan (EAP), which many stadiums lack given that only 82% of stadiums in England have a recorded EAP.58 Siebert and Drezner recommend a 7-step plan for a stadiums EAP for directing medical staff in the event of SCA.42 This plan requires mandatory AED and CPR training for personnel, strategic AED placement and signage specific to the stadium, reliable communication strategies between staff and EMS, immediate AED access, regular review and routine practice, cooperation with an advanced cardiac care facility, and replacement of AEDs after usage with debriefing and reporting.42 For mass gatherings of >1,000 people, such as in stadiums, it is recommended that AEDs act as the foundation in the EAP for medical care.71 It is strongly encouraged that the EAP is written down and that AEDs are registered with the local EMS.8 All personnel should be trained and certified in cardiovascular emergency care, including staff, physiotherapists and athletics trainers to recognise the signs of SCA in order to quickly implement CPR and an AED.42,72,73 A local licensed physician is also recommended to act as medical director, who is familiar with local medical resources and triage decisions to assist in improving the SCA response and updating the EAP regularly in response to new data, research and debriefing for the team.74 However, more than 50% of basketball coaches and staff claim that they have no affiliated medical director or athletics trainer, highlighting an area of possible improvement in these sports and stadiums.75, Automated External Defibrillator Regulation and Laws, Legal requirements for AED placement differ internationally and may hinder SCA response. International research confirms the positive impact of participation in football recreational activity, training and play on physical health, inclusive of improved body weight, cholesterol, blood pressure etc. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Disclaimer. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest across the world: first report from the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). Open Heart. Sudden cardiac death in professional soccer players. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Bille K, Figueiras D, Schamasch P, et al. There are many factors that act as facilitators or barriers that influence AED implementation. To be considered for this review, studies had to meet the following inclusion criteria: discussion of SCA in soccer or basketball stadiums, AED use in soccer or basketball stadiums, AED signage, and AED quantity and planning. No increased injury incidence in the German Bundesliga after the SARS-CoV-2 virus lockdown. Public access defibrillation: time to access the public. Characteristics and outcomes of sudden cardiac arrest during sports in women. Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review 2023;12:e03. -. AED use on-site improves survival greater than defibrillation by emergency services. Death during other activities was excluded. Methods: In contrast, in 2021, according to our list, there were 21 cases of SCD/SUD among FIFA players. Maron BJ. The Israeli Real-Time News Tuesday reported a 5-fold increase in sudden cardiac and unexplained deaths among FIFA players in 2021. An electronic search was conducted using Google Scholar and PubMed/MEDLINE databases. Big Pharma has never lost thousands of cases and had to pay billions in fines and in lawsuit payoutsNEVER. PY - 2022/1/6/medline 2021 Feb 14;57(2):168. doi: 10.3390/medicina57020168. Epub 2020 Dec 23. 2021 Jul 22;7(1):50. doi: 10.1186/s40798-021-00346-2. 8600 Rockville Pike To identify existing cardiac arrest (CA) and SCD registries, characterising global coverage and methods of data capture and validation. The most significant predictors of college sport departmental AED ownership are unit cost, donated units, and proven medical benefit, with the most frequent predictors of AED ownership being proven medical benefit, concern for liability, and affordability.63 Focusing on these factors will improve the odds of athletic departments and stadiums owning and maintaining AEDs on site. Further information on the incident and circumstances can be reported in Date and time, the Sporting level (recreational sport, competitive sport (no elite) or competitive sport (elite)) and a field that allows further comments. In this review, we define a professional stadium as a sports stadium or arena used for college-level or professional events. No commercial re-use. Sports-related sudden death in the general population is considerably more common than previously suspected and prompt interventions were significantly associated with improved survival, these data have implications for health services planning. . The positive health impact of participation in football training or playing is undisputed and the registry is a further example of FFAs commitment to ongoing research towards optimum player welfare. Time for action regarding cardiovascular emergency care at sports arenas: a lesson from the Arena study. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Traumatic sudden death including commotio cordis occurred infrequently (6%). 10.1136/bjsports-2012-091918 For example, English professional soccer stadiums now have AEDs at all training and match days.58 Despite this individual study, there is a lack of more recent information for Europe. Epub 2013 Apr 23. 108 of them died! PMC Epub 2021 Jul 20. JO - Br J Sports Med Baldi E, Grieco NB, Ristagno G, et al. 2022 Aug 11;14(8):e27883. Pathogeneses of sudden cardiac death in national collegiate athletic association athletes. 2015 May;49(9):561-3. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-094805. Diabetes, obesity, cigarette smoking, high cholesterol, or high blood pressure poses an increased health risk. Henry H Huang Cardiac events in football and strategies for first-responder treatment on the field. Epub 2015 Dec 1. Dr. Josh Guetzkow, a senior lecturer in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology and the Institute of Criminology at the Hebrew University, analyzed the data. The spectators risk of SCA needs to be considered, in addition to the already mentioned athletes risk and incidence. Death during other activities was excluded. -. National Library of Medicine Inclusion criteria were met when sudden death occurred during football-specific activity or up to 1 hour afterwards. To get a better picture of the data compared to previous years, we only looked at data relating to deaths among athletes registered with FIFA, and compared the data regarding the number of SCD (sudden cardiac death)/SUD (sudden unexplained death) among these athletes in previous years, to the number of cases in 2021. , Epub 2015 Mar 22. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Accessibility Br J Sports Med 2013;47:11758. PMC KW - resuscitation TheVast majority are 17-40 years. Incidence and etiology of sudden cardiac arrest and death in high school athletes in the United States. In other words, instead of 4 SCD/SUD deaths per year (according to Wikipedia data), or 5 cases per year (calculated according to the BMJ) during 2001-2020, 21 players have died so far this year. Papers were excluded if they discussed internal defibrillators, pacemakers and amateur stadiums. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). SP - 80 , , Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! AED legislation. Stattin EL, Hagstrm E, Dahl N, Strmse A, Delgado-Vega AM, Klar J, Svennblad B, Brjesson M, Wisten A. BMJ Open. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! A diagnosis by autopsy or definite medical reports was established in 211 cases (34%). n.a. SCD was defined as death occurring . Maron BJ, Shirani J, Poliac LC, et al. FIFA Sudden Death Registry (FIFA-SDR) case report questionnaire on the internet. KW - prevention List of athletes who have been injured and/or died since December 2020. Coris EE, Miller E, Sahebzamani F. Sudden cardiac death in division I collegiate athletics: analysis of automated external defibrillator utilization in National Collegiate Athletic Association division I athletic programs. Holst AG, Winkel BG, Theilade J, et al. Cardiac events in football and strategies for first-responder treatment on the field. Epub 2022 Aug 15. Public access defibrillation (PAD) state law fact sheet. Cardiol Res. See this image and copyright information in PMC. Egger F, Scharhag J, Kstner A, Dvok J, Bohm P, Meyer T. Br J Sports Med. 2015 May;43(2):116-8. doi: 10.1080/00913847.2015.1027640. Careers. Executive summary. Heart Lung Circ 2019;28:614. Peterson DF, Siebert DM, Kucera KL, et al. Community lay rescuer automated external defibrillation programs: key state legislative components and implementation strategies: a summary of a decade of experience for healthcare providers, policymakers, legislators, employers, and community leaders from the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology, and Office of State Advocacy. Limitations include heterogeneous findings across multiple results, including incidences and risk factors for SCA and a lack of information regarding basketball SCA aetiologies and trends globally. In other words, instead of 4 SCD/SUD deaths per year (according to Wikipedia data), or 5 cases per year (calculated according to the BMJ) during 2001-2020, 21 players have died so far this year.That is, about 5 times more than the annual average! Lear A, Patel N, Mullen C, et al. Current global distribution of cardiac arrest, sudden cardiac death and other registries. -. Methods From 2014 to 2018 cases of sudden cardiac death (SCD), survived sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and traumatic sudden death were recorded by media monitoring (Meltwater), a confidential web-based data platform and data synchronisation with existing national Sudden Death Registries (n=16). Sudden cardiac arrest remains the leading cause of death in exercising athletes, and recent studies have shown that it occurs more frequently than historical estimates. 2013 Suchoptionen . 2016 Jan;50(2):81-3. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095706. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy-Related Sudden Cardiac Death in Young People in Ontario. 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