Dick Shovel They practiced slash and burn agriculture. The name Susquehannock is thought to have been an Algonquin word meaning the "people of the Muddy River." The Susquehannock was a confederacy of up to 20 smaller tribes, who occupied fortified villages along the Susquehanna River.They traded with other tribes along the Erie River in northern Ohio and the Huron and NeutralOhio and the Huron and While exploring the Chesapeake Bay in 1608, Captain John Smith first encountered the Susquehannocks. The weight and bulkiness made it extremely difficult to transport the canoes over land. You have permission to edit this article. Whether you live in Las Cruces or Atlanta, there are a few steps you can take to ensure your tomato plants survive the heat and continue producing. The name Albatwitch is thought to derive from a Pennsylvania Dutch-English compound word meaning apple-snitch after the creatures habit of stealing apples from picnic baskets or throwing the fruit at people while sitting in trees. Travel all the way down the Greenway to the Lancaster County town of Columbia and youll hear all about the legend of the Albatwich, a mini apple-munching Sasquatch. Evidence of these mischievous beings has even been found in local Native American culture. A friend of Maurers who had also seen the creature described it as a small submarine about to surface. James Buchanan Long was among the last sickle makers in Drumore township, having worked alongside his grandfather and father. A creature with many names, this elusive legend has been said to lurk in the waters of the Susquehanna River near Lock Haven in Clinton County. As this trade expanded, native made items were replaced with European equivalents like the brass kettle. The Susquehannocks canoes were heavy and strong. there are also hundreds and hundreds of articles on newspapers archives reporting artifacts found and sent to the smithsonian. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Over the next year or two, I saw it several times and it always sank out of sight before it got close enough to be seen clearly., They say, that is the old mountaineers, that the Water Witch was an Indian girl who suddenly changed her mind towards her lover. This work is by a group of authors who add to Kents analysis and assessments of the culture 35 years after Susquehannas Indianswas written. If you enjoy old maps the way I do, then you will love this one from 1821, highlighting Lancaster County's various townships, waterways, rivers, turnpikes, roads, mill sites with owner names, furnaces, and churches. Five Susquehannock chiefs went to negotiate and were murdered. Upon opening the sack, he finds nothing left but a wet spot. Her spirit would even help you if you went to the swamp and asked, and thus it became known as the Swamp Angel. Sea lion, shark, whale, or some prehistoric dinosaur the true identity of the creature remains a mystery. Additionally, watering daily with s, This website uses cookies for functionality, analytics and advertising purposes as described in our. Known as the Paxtang Boys, the group was upset by the Indian incursions of Pontiacs Rebellion. (See p. The women were 5 feet, 3 inches tall. Whether this union came about through force or free will is not known. Click here to read learn how the Susquehannocks became known as the Conestoga. The Ancient Lost Treasures Forum is Dedicated to the Discovery of Legends, the Discussion of Lost Treasures, Artifacts, and Anci, I was reading about Spanish Hill & Susquehannocks Indians. It is probable that the Susquehannock moved south in order to better control the fur trade. The Shoshone were a close relative of the Ute, Paiute, Gosiute, and Bannock Indian tribes, with whom they shared land and intermarried. Their communities were located along the Susquehanna, especially in Cumberland, Dauphin, Lancaster, and York counties. Tribes lived in fortified cities, which were composed of sixty to eighty foot long, bark-covered longhouses and several families, who were all related to one another via matrilineal lines of descent, lived in each long house. Winds SE at 10 to 15 mph.. Indeed it's a shameful crime many an entire indian tribe was wiped out by settlers--Not to mention the conquest [theft] of their land. He was born on February 26, 1863, in Conestoga. Archaeological evidence from trash and burn pits shows that the Susquehannock had a diverse diet. Indians in Pennsylvania by Paul A. Wallace, Indian Wars by Robert M. Utley and Wilcomb E. Washburn, Pennsylvania Department of Conservation & Natural Resources, Bureau of Facility Design and Construction, Conservation & Natural Resources Advisory Council. So, grab your monster repellent and get ready to learn all about the spooky specters of the Susquehanna Greenway! Pig-like with a saggy skin covered in warts and blemishes, the Squonk spends much of its life weeping. We work hard to deliver timely, relevant news, for free. The stockaded communities were surrounded by large fields of corn, beans, and squash. Gnadenhutten Massacre of the Delaware Indians during the American Revolution. They had been living on the farm of Christian Hershey near Lititz, Pa. In his journal, Captain Smith described them as seemed like Giants to the English but archeological research shows the Susquehannocks to have been of average size for the time. Over the next year or two, I saw it several times and it always sank out of sight before it got close enough to be seen clearly.. By 1640, theSusquehannock had amonopoly on European firearms, further increasing the tribes power. They were described asnoble, heroic, aggressive, warlike, andimperialistic. The story of this strange creature is thought to have its roots in Pennsylvanias lumber history. Some Susquehannock are believed to have joined the Meherrin (North Carolina) during the 1670s. It is said that he called upon the aid of the spirit to break a witchs curse, summoning her by burning a plant called foxfire. Susquehanna National Heritage Area is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization supported by private contributions from generous donors and funding from the following national, state and regional partners: Visit the Columbia Crossing River Trails Center, Explore the Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail, Our Savage Neighbors: How Indian War Transformed Early America, Native American Archaeology Contact Period, Boating Safety Course coming to Columbia Crossing, Sponsor a Rocking Chair at Columbia Crossing, Winter Programs with Susquehanna National Heritage Area. Through a wild area. If you set out on a picnic in the Greenway reaches of York or Lancaster Counties, hold on to your apples or maybe opt for a banana! While its true that Smith and his men were probably looking up at the natives they met, the Susquehannocks were probably only true giants in John Smiths imagination. She is said to have appeared near Rattlesnake Run in the remote wilderness of the Nature Conservancy West Branch Forest Preserve. The Dutch ceded New Netherland to the English in 1664. In 1608, Captain John Smith and his small crew of adventurers set out in an open boat to explore the Chesapeake Bay. At about 50 yards, it sank out of sight. T he Susquehannock Trail System (STS) traverses some of the most remote terrain in Pennsylvania, with more wildlife than people. However, this arrangement also ended in disaster, and with permission of the Seneca, they eventually returned to the Lower Susquehanna Valley, establishing a settlement on land set aside for them by William Penn. Did you know the swamps of northern Clinton County once contained quicksand? Having influence with the Gods, the deserted one had her made into unchanging water; and in her helpless state, she mocks the petty aspirations of mankind.. According to Henry Shoemakers Susquehanna Legends, They say, that is the old mountaineers, that the Water Witch was an Indian girl who suddenly changed her mind towards her lover. Here's your update! Creepy. Today you can visit his grave inscribed with his real name Isaac Gaines at Furst-McGonigal Cemetery in Clearfield County. It might have been a Squonk! Loop Hill Ike isnt around to be the hero these days! In 1782, a group of Pennsylvania militiamen, falsely believing the natives were responsible for several raids, killed almost 100 Christian Lenape in what became known as the Gnadenhutten Massacre. The Paxtang Path The signers included five Susquehannock war chiefs who probably made their "mark" on the original document, but whose names are phonetically spelled as Sawahegeh, Aurotaurogh, Scarhuhadih, Ruthcuhogah and Wathetdianeh. However, the Susquehannocks average 5 feet, 7 inch height is nearly four inches taller than the average Englishman in the 1600s. If you journey to this section of the Greenway in search of the Water Witch, think twice. The Great Shamokin Path Within no time, hundreds of whites were trespassing, cutting timber, and building houses on the tribes land. On May 17, 1666, three Susquehannock war captains traveled to Maryland's council at St. Mary's to express their desire to remain in league with the English. The studies have been covered up because they do not fit the narrative I personally know researchers who have seen first hand 7-8 foot tall skeletons uncovered in Pennsylvania, never to be seen again once certain museums got their hands on them. The Susquehannocks slipped out of the fort at night and harassed settlers in Virginia and Maryland, then eventually moved back to live along the Susquehanna River. Really getting tired of all the cover ups and making people look like conspiracy theorists, when they are not. The Lenape or Delaware tribe, also called the Lenni Lenape, are of theAlgonquin family and first lived in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and New York. The Great Warriors Path In 1758, the Treaty of Easton between the Lenape and the colonists required the Lenape to move westward, out of present-day New York and New Jersey, and into Ohio; however, not everyone went. The idea of the Susquehannocks being giants was likely further enhanced when the malnourished Europeans stood next to the well feed Indians. By the 1860s, the scythe was the standard reaping tool. As the Dutch grew more demanding and encroached on more Native American lands, the Lenape fought against them in Kiefts War (16431645), in which they were subjected to the Pavonia Massacre and the Esopus Wars (1659-1663). Others supported the British, fearing they would be driven from their lands if the Americans were victorious. They were reluctant to negotiate for another relocation but feared serious trouble with white settlers. As nutrients in the soil were depleted, productivity decreased forcing the Susquehannock to move their towns about every two decades. Mulching is an effective way to keep the root zone cool and moist, while watering more frequently will also help keep the plant from getting too dry. Next time you find yourself in a pickle, just make your way along the West Branch section of the Greenway to Clinton County and see if the Swamp Angel can help you out! Travel all the way down the Greenway to the Lancaster County town of Columbia and youll hear all about the legend of the Albatwich, a mini apple-munching Sasquatch. Reports of the creature became less and less frequent in the later 1800s, many believing it to have died or escaped to the ocean through underground caverns. Tribes lived in fortified cities, which were composed . The Schultz site is the earliest known Susquehannock town in the lower Susquehanna River Valley. The lake offers ample outdoor recreation opportunities, from fishing and boating to picnicking and hiking. However, tensions between the tribe and the people of Maryland would continue until 1652 when a peace treaty was signed inreturn for arms and safety on theSusquehannocks southern flank. As early as 7000 BC, when the great Wisconsin glacier covered New York State, Pennsylvania was covered with arctic plants and spruce-fir forests. Most of these tunnels and culverts are completely hidden from view. Winds E at 5 to 10 mph. A small portion of the survivors fled to a reservation on the Conestoga Creek (in the present day Lancaster area), but the majority were absorbed into the Iroquoian people. The Susquehannocks identified themselves as a branch of the Andastes, which were a subdivision of the larger Algonquin family. Capt. Loop Hill Ike isnt around to be the hero these days! Scotch-Irish began homesteading the eastern shore of the Susquehanna River as early as 1715. Creepy. A creature with many names, this elusive legend has been said to lurk in the waters of the Susquehanna River near Lock Haven in Clinton County. The investigation revealed that the males in this skeletal population were, on average, around 5 feet, 7 inches. The Wyoming Path, The Bucknell Environmental Center 835 Fraternity Road Bucknell University Lewisburg PA 17837 (570) 577-1490. Updates? The floors are constructed of wide wood planks. You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. The Susquehannock people, who were culturally related to the Iroquois of New York's Finger Lakes Region, moved to Pennsylvania's Susquehanna Valley around 1550 AD. Prolific cartographer, engraver, and York native William Wagner created the map. 1674, the English in Maryland change their Indian Policy and negotiate a peace with the Iroquois. Towns were composed of longhouses that were 60 80 feet in length and housed a number of nuclear families related through the female line. The Susquehannocks slipped out of the fort at night and harassed settlers in Virginia and Maryland, then eventually moved back to live along the Susquehanna River. Once described as a "noble and heroic nation" in A Character of the Province of Maryland by George Allsop in 1666, the Susquehannock commanded a deep respect from the other Native Nations around them. I., p. 120, gives an account of a prodigious giant tribe of Indians, the Sasquesahanocks, whom he met with at the head of Chesapeake Bay. If you journey to this section of the Greenway in search of the Water Witch, think twice. Upon being asked during a panel discussion about his most mysterious sighting while in the wild, Maurer recalled a large creature that he saw swimming in the Susquehanna River. The Treaty of Greenville in August 1795 ended the war, and the Lenape surrendered most of their Ohio lands. The Long family are standouts with four generations of sickle and scythe makers beginning in the early 1700s through the 1860s. In 1642, the English Province of Maryland declared war on the Susquehannock, but with the help of the Swedes, the Susquehannock defeated the English in 1644. Would you be surprised to know that the Native American tribe known as the Susquehannocks never referred to themselves by that name? Evidence of their habitation has also been found in northern West Virginia. Deer hair, dyed a deep scarlet, was a favorite component of headdresses and breast ornaments for men, while the women often wore headbands of dyed deer hair. It is detailed as a marine animal or sea monster with the the bulk of an ox or hippopotamus. The monster was not the form or image of anything else on earth and was said to make a horrible howling and thrashing at night. Epidemics steadily reduced their number (estimated to have been about 5,000 in 1600), and in 1763 many of the remaining Susquehannock were massacred by whites inflamed by accounts of an Indian war on the Pennsylvania frontier, several hundred miles away. Others moved to New York, joining with theSeneca and Onondaga, who had a long tradition ofadopting defeated enemies into their tribes. Today, few people are aware of Wagner's handiwork; however, for most of the 1800s, everyone knew his name. Less than two weeks later, the Paxton Boys returned and slaughtered the 14 Indians at the workhouse. From nutrient deficiencies to disease, there are a number of things that can cause your tomato plants to become sickly or unproductive. Instead of front paws, it had bird claws, and instead of back feet, it had horse hooves, which confused trackers trying to follow it. Even the sound of their speach as you described. SoteriA, have you ever visited. Pottery of this form and size were used by the Susquehannock as common food vessels at meal time and as containers to store small personal items such as needles, fish hooks, spoons and other items made of antler, bone and wood. It is very elusive, preferring to hide out of sight in the hemlock woods; however, the legend says that if you do happen to catch a Squonk, it wont be long before you find yourself with a puddle of tears in place of the beast. The tribe began to trade with them, exchanging animal pelts, especially beaver, for tools, firearms, sugar, coffee, and fabric. In it, a man captures a Squonk in a sack only to feel the sack becoming lighter and lighter as he carries it home. The day after the massacre, a war party of 140 Shawnee Indians arrived at the scene, killing or capturing most of the American soldiers. The Susquehannock Indians The curator of the North Museum, Dr. John Price, and State anthropologist, W. Fred Kinsey, as well as other experts on the Susquehannocks supervised the dig. However, In the following decades, some 20,000 new colonists arrived in the region, putting pressure on Lenape settlements and hunting grounds. The Susquehannock are believed to come from around the Ohio River and migrated east past the Appalachian mountains and joined another tribe prior to European Colonization.. At the time of Christopher Columbus, the Susquehannock were the most populous Native American tribe in the Northeast.Due to how stable and numerous their population was it is believed that the Susquehannock had been living . New Amsterdam, in what is now New York City, was founded in 1624. Alana Jajko is the Director of Communications and Outreach for the Susquehanna Greenway Partnership. According to legend, escaped slaves captured a Native American brave and maiden, and killed the man. The Susquehannock people, also called the Conestoga by some English settlers or Andastes [2] were Iroquoian Native Americans who lived in areas adjacent to the Susquehanna River and its tributaries, ranging from its upper reaches in the southern part of what is now New York (near the lands of the Five Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy ), After cross-referencing the location on an 1864 township map, I believe the property once belonged to Elijah Levi. On the opposite side of the house is a small chimney for a parlor stove. TheSusquehannock were once again at war with thepowerful Iroquois Confederacyin 1658. Know of any other Greenway ghouls and legends? Afterward, some small groups fled into western Pennsylvania and Ohio, with some joining with the Shawnee tribe. A friend of Maurers who had also seen the creature described it as a small submarine about to surface. This relation has been rejected as incredible, and considered as on a footing with the stories of Baron Munchausen, or Sinbad the Sailor ; but these evidences would seem to confirm it.*. It was often blamed for the spilling or capsizing of lumber rafts at the time. Susquehannock Indian Village by Herman Moll, 1720. Corrections? The Kettle Creek Monster, West Branch Dugong, or Susquehanna Seal is a marine creature that dates back over a century. This is the history of the land in which we live and prosper. In 1859, the U.S. government forced the remaining Lenape onto a reservation near Anadarko, Oklahoma. Since its on a National Scenic & State Wild & Scenic River everyone can Call & complain ! Described as a 4-foot-tall hairy ape-man fond of apples, the Albatwitch is thought to live around the Susquehanna River, most notably in the Chickies Rock area. Next time you find yourself in a pickle, just make your way along the West Branch section of the Greenway to Clinton County, and see if the Swamp Angel can help you out! Get a weekly list of events happening in North Central Pa.! Check out all the close-ups shown here. They were an independent people and werenot part of any confederacy into the 1600s. This decision was also made by the tribe because at that time, theIroquois Confederacy were attempting toexpand their hunting grounds for the fur trade, and with thehelp of Marylands firearms, the Susquehannock fought off the Iroquois and a brief peace followed. Another marine mystery is said to lurk in Susquehanna waters near the rivers confluence in Northumberland County. Both sexes adorned themselves with various ornaments made of stone, shell, animal teeth, claws, and tattooing and nose rings were common. Thought to live mostly in the trees, Albatwitches prefer to keep to the shadows, and are said to make their presence known by a sound like a cracking whip (perhaps branch-breaking). With the right planning and dedication, anyone can have a successful garden this summer. Smiths fascination with the Susquehannock is reflected by the prominent figure of the Susquehannock man included on his map of the Chesapeake Bay. So, grab your monster repellent and get ready to learn all about the spooky specters of the Susquehanna Greenway! Tread carefully next time you paddle your way through this section of the Greenway. Another marine mystery is said to lurk in Susquehanna waters near the rivers confluence in Northumberland County. Having influence with the Gods, the deserted one had her made into unchanging water; and in her helpless state, she mocks the petty aspirations of mankind., being the symbol of something ever flowing. This week we are featuring the rise and fall of the Susquehannock culture on the lower Susquehanna. Those Lenape sympathetic to the United States remained at Coshocton, Ohio and their leaders signed the Treaty of Fort Pitt with the Americans in 1778. These firearms were carefully not traded to Iroquois or Lenape tribes. Hear David Ramsey, a local citizen tell about his Mohawk ancestory. The Susquehannock Indians resided along the Susquehanna River in Central Pennsylvania. For years, before Europeans arrived, they werebitter enemies of theIroquois Confederacy and were also thought to have warred with the Mahican from the central Hudson Valley. The Ohio Lenape formed alliances with the French and, once again, engaged in the fur trade. In 1854 Congress passed the KansasNebraska Act, which created Kansas Territory and opened the area for white settlement. Its said that a strange glowing fireball known as the Swamp Angel still frequents those wetlands. Our next Greenway legend is another Clinton County native, and even holds the title of Official Monster of Clinton County.. Send us an email with your story: info@susquehannagreenway.org. One of my favorite winter activities is exploring the tunnels and culverts beneath the Enola Low Grade Rail Trail. Although numerous trails make up the STS, the route runs as a continuous marked loop of nearly 85 miles, making it one of the longest continuous loops in the Eastern US. They traded with other tribes along the Erie River in northern Ohio and the Huron and Neutral people of southern Ontario, Canada. The northern reaches of the Greenway overlap with Squonk territory. She emerges as if from a dream to reveal that destiny, but beware; her prophecies are often mocking or even withheld completely, leaving the witness wanting and dispirited. A proportion of Meherrin were later absorbed by the Tuscarora and migrated as a part of them to New York in 1722. Like other Iroquian tribes, they planted maize, beans, and squash in spring. This involved clearing the forest by burning down trees and planting crops in their ashes. The Hemlock forests of northern Pennsylvania are said to be home to a sad mythical creature known as the Squonk. The Susquehannocks established their towns along the branches of the Susquehanna because the waters facilitated travel and trade in the region and provided the Indians with a constant supply of water and fish. If you set out on a picnic in the Greenway reaches of York or Lancaster Counties, hold on to your apples or maybe opt for a banana! Becker conducted a forensic analysis of 13 complete Susquehannock skeletons plus long bones from 18 other individuals. Sign up today! Watch the WVIA documentary Peoples of the Susquehanna River. Most simply described as a mishmash of animals, the Giwoggle was called upon by local witches to wreak havoc and mayhem on farmers who offended them. Sign Up to be eligible for our weekly Giveaways! Upon opening the sack, he finds nothing left but a wet spot. Treaties between the Susquehannocks and the whites nearly always recorded nation or family affiliations via the mothers ancestors. Seen as recently as the 2000s, the Susquehannas Mystery Thing was publicized by outdoor guide and writer Ken Maurer of Sunburys, The story of this strange creature is thought to have its roots in Pennsylvanias lumber history. However, a few scattered Delaware remained in Texas. Warfare and disease eventually overwhelmed the Susquehannock. Listen carefully for its sad sniffles and think twice before you step in any puddles. Creepy. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. This involved clearing the forest by burning down trees and planting crops in their ashes. For more information about the Paxtang Boys Massacre of 1763 check out Jack Brubakers Massacre of the Conestogasand Peter SilversOur Savage Neighbors: How Indian War Transformed Early America. Follow that up withThe Susquehannocks, edited by Paul Raber. Central Pa Institute Of Science & Technology School District, Keystone Central Career And Technical Center, Northumberland County Career And Technical Center, Sun Area Technical Institute School District, by Alana Jajko, Director of Communications and Outreach for the Susquehanna Greenway Partnership, Kettle Creek Monster / West Branch Dugong / Susquehanna Seal, from February 27, 1897, describes the travels of a creature that existed before the valley was settled, making its way up the river and settling in the area between present-day Lock Haven and Kettle Creek. They traded with other tribes along the Erie River innorthern Ohio and the Huron and Neutral people of southern Ontario, Canada. They also worked as gatherers and hunters, collecting wild-plant foods, seeds, nuts, insects, reptiles, mollusks, fish, birds, and mammals. Upon being asked during a panel discussion about his most mysterious sighting while in the wild, Maurer recalled a large creature that he saw swimming in the Susquehanna River. The Drumore Sickle had a reputation for its quality and affordable price which drove the English competition out of the market. Error! Campers have access to a marina, shopping, restaurants and cultural attractions within a short drive. The Swamp Angel appeared with just the right advice and the day was saved. Most of the Lenape then moved to Indiana near their friends, the Miami Indians. Known to archeologists as the Paleo-Indians, we can only speculate what their physical appearance, language, religion, and social activity was like by studying the tools that they used. Some Susquehannocks moved to old Fort Piscataway, below present-day Washington D.C. Getting Started Those that remained in the United States struggled against the Americans that had moved into their territory. In response to Pontiacs War, begun in the western part of the state, the Paxton Boys, a group of anti-Indian vigilantes, slaughtered six Indians at Conestoga. By 1700 there were only 300 Susquehannock remaining and their rapid decline continued until the last 20 were massacred by a mob of colonists in 1763. Like other Iroquian tribes, they planted maize, beans, and squash in spring. They established their towns along the Susquehanna because of the fertile soil and waters that facilitated travel and trade and provided them with a constant supply fish and waterfowl. Then at some point before the turn of the century, according to an 1899 township map, it came to be owned by David H. Hess. Historians and archaeologists have spent generations learning and understanding this formidable tribe and their important relationship to the river, the fur trade, and European settlement. One village even had a cannon. August 31, 1142, . Pig-like with a saggy skin covered in warts and blemishes, the Squonk spends much of its life weeping. SUSQUEHANNOCK HISTORY [Note: This is a single part of what will be, by my classification, about 240 compact tribal histories (contact to 1900). Her work is focused on promoting trails and communities within our vibrant and connected Susquehanna Greenway, so that people like you can enjoy opportunities to engage with the outdoors. During the sixteenth century and carrying forward into the years of colonization the Susquehannocks were the most numerous people in the Susquehanna Valley; in fact it is estimated that their population exceeded six thousand in the 1640s. Low 39F. Like other Iroquoian tribes, they were semisedentary agriculturalists. 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